Les Techniques De Migration Vers Les Architectures Microservices

Abstract

Au coursdeladerni ered ecennie,led eveloppementdesapplicationsWeb s'am elioredeplusenplus,etdenouvellestechniquesetarchitecturesontvu le jourr ecemment.L'id eederri ereceschangements,c'estd'avoirunemeilleure exploitation desapplicationsWeb,toutenayantune evolutivit eetuneagilit e plus performantes. Aujourd'hui,leCloudcomputingetDevOpssontdevenusdestechniques tr esutilis esaud eveloppementcarilsontconnuunegrandepopularit egr^ace a leur bonnespratiquesdesarchitecturesmodernes.Parmilesarchitecturesles plus utilis eesetlesplusperformantespourcesdeuxtechniques,c'estl'archi- tecture microservices.L'architecturemicroservicesousimplementmicroservices est unem ethodeded eveloppementquiorganiseuneapplicationcommeun ensembledeservicesfaiblementcoupl esquicommuniqueentreeux,chaqueser- vice estappel eunmicroservice.Unmicroserviceestd ecritcommeunepetite application danssonpropre,capabled' evoluerind ependammentetdechoisir sa proprearchitecture,sapropretechnologieetsonpropreplate-forme,ilest d eploy eetmis al' echelleind ependammentavecsapropreversioncycledevie et sam ethodologieded eveloppement. Parmilesgrandsd e sdud eveloppementaujourd'hui,c'estlamigrationdes architecturestradionnellesoucequ'onappellelesarchitecturesMonolithiques versdesarchitecturesmicroservices.Plusieursapprochesont et epropos eespour bien etablircettemigrationensucc es.Cesapprochessonteng en eraled evis ees en deuxcat egories:desapprochestechniquesquisebasentsurdesm ethodes et techniquesbienpr ecisentquiontg en eralementunobjectifaatteindre,des entr eesd'informations,unprocessus asuivreetdesoutputsour esultatssou- hait esetonaaussidesapprochesdefeedbackquisebasentsurl'exp eriencedes d eveloppeursetdesanciennesmigrations.***

Overthepastdecade,thedevelopmentofwebapplicationshasbeenimpro- ving, andanewtechniquesandarchitectureshaveemergedrecently.Theidea behindthesechangesistohaveabetteruseofWebapplications,whilehaving a moree cientscalabilityandagility. Today,CloudcomputingandDevOpshavebecomewidelyusedtechniques for developmentbecausetheyhaveenjoyedgreatpopularity,thankstotheir goodpracticesofmodernarchitectures.Amongthemostusedandmoste - cientarchitecturesforthesetwotechniques,itisthemicroservicesarchitecture. The microservicesarchitectureorsimplymicroservicesisadevelopmentmethod whichorganizesanapplicationasasetserviceswhichcommunicatewitheach other, eachserviceiscalledamicroservice.Amicroserviceisdescribedasa small applicationinitsown,abletoevolveindependentlyandtochooseitsown architecture,itsowntechnologyanditsownplatform,itisdeployedandscaled independentlywithitsownlifecycleversionanddevelopmentmethodology. Among themajordevelopmentchallengestodayisthemigrationfromtra- ditional architecturesorwhatarecalledMonolithicarchitecturestomicroser- vices architectures.Severalapproacheshavebeenproposedtoproperlyestablish this successfulmigration.Theseapproachesaregenerallyconsideredintwoca- tegories :technicalapproacheswhicharebasedonwell-de nedmethodsand techniqueswhichgenerallyhaveanobjectivetoachieve,informationinputs,a processtobefollowedanddesiredoutputsorresultsandwehavealsofeedback approachesbasedontheexperienceofdevelopersandoldmigrations.