Les Techniques De Migration Vers Les Architectures Microservices
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KHANCHOUCHE, ABderaouf
SID EL MRABET, MOhamed Islem
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Abstract
Au coursdeladerni ered ecennie,led eveloppementdesapplicationsWeb
s'am elioredeplusenplus,etdenouvellestechniquesetarchitecturesontvu
le jourr ecemment.L'id eederri ereceschangements,c'estd'avoirunemeilleure
exploitation desapplicationsWeb,toutenayantune evolutivit eetuneagilit e
plus performantes.
Aujourd'hui,leCloudcomputingetDevOpssontdevenusdestechniques
tr esutilis esaud eveloppementcarilsontconnuunegrandepopularit egr^ace a
leur bonnespratiquesdesarchitecturesmodernes.Parmilesarchitecturesles
plus utilis eesetlesplusperformantespourcesdeuxtechniques,c'estl'archi-
tecture microservices.L'architecturemicroservicesousimplementmicroservices
est unem ethodeded eveloppementquiorganiseuneapplicationcommeun
ensembledeservicesfaiblementcoupl esquicommuniqueentreeux,chaqueser-
vice estappel eunmicroservice.Unmicroserviceestd ecritcommeunepetite
application danssonpropre,capabled' evoluerind ependammentetdechoisir
sa proprearchitecture,sapropretechnologieetsonpropreplate-forme,ilest
d eploy eetmis al' echelleind ependammentavecsapropreversioncycledevie
et sam ethodologieded eveloppement.
Parmilesgrandsd e sdud eveloppementaujourd'hui,c'estlamigrationdes
architecturestradionnellesoucequ'onappellelesarchitecturesMonolithiques
versdesarchitecturesmicroservices.Plusieursapprochesont et epropos eespour
bien etablircettemigrationensucc es.Cesapprochessonteng en eraled evis ees
en deuxcat egories:desapprochestechniquesquisebasentsurdesm ethodes
et techniquesbienpr ecisentquiontg en eralementunobjectifaatteindre,des
entr eesd'informations,unprocessus asuivreetdesoutputsour esultatssou-
hait esetonaaussidesapprochesdefeedbackquisebasentsurl'exp eriencedes
d eveloppeursetdesanciennesmigrations.***
Overthepastdecade,thedevelopmentofwebapplicationshasbeenimpro-
ving, andanewtechniquesandarchitectureshaveemergedrecently.Theidea
behindthesechangesistohaveabetteruseofWebapplications,whilehaving
a moree cientscalabilityandagility.
Today,CloudcomputingandDevOpshavebecomewidelyusedtechniques
for developmentbecausetheyhaveenjoyedgreatpopularity,thankstotheir
goodpracticesofmodernarchitectures.Amongthemostusedandmoste -
cientarchitecturesforthesetwotechniques,itisthemicroservicesarchitecture.
The microservicesarchitectureorsimplymicroservicesisadevelopmentmethod
whichorganizesanapplicationasasetserviceswhichcommunicatewitheach
other, eachserviceiscalledamicroservice.Amicroserviceisdescribedasa
small applicationinitsown,abletoevolveindependentlyandtochooseitsown
architecture,itsowntechnologyanditsownplatform,itisdeployedandscaled
independentlywithitsownlifecycleversionanddevelopmentmethodology.
Among themajordevelopmentchallengestodayisthemigrationfromtra-
ditional architecturesorwhatarecalledMonolithicarchitecturestomicroser-
vices architectures.Severalapproacheshavebeenproposedtoproperlyestablish
this successfulmigration.Theseapproachesaregenerallyconsideredintwoca-
tegories :technicalapproacheswhicharebasedonwell-de nedmethodsand
techniqueswhichgenerallyhaveanobjectivetoachieve,informationinputs,a
processtobefollowedanddesiredoutputsorresultsandwehavealsofeedback
approachesbasedontheexperienceofdevelopersandoldmigrations.
Description
M MALKI Abdelhamid Encadreur